Hologenome theory of evolution

최종 수정: 방금 전 aginglab 2 조회
0점 (0명)
문서 역사

The hologenome theory of evolution, also known as the hologenome concept of evolution, recasts the individual animal or plant (and other multicellular organisms) as a community or a "holobiont" - the host plus all of its symbiotic microbes. Consequently, the collective genomes of the holobiont form a "hologenome". Holobionts and hologenomes are structural entities4 that replace misnomers in the context of host-microbiota symbioses such as superorganism (i.e., an integrated social unit composed of conspecifics), organ, and metagenome. Variation in the hologenome may encode phenotypic plasticity of the holobiont and can be subject to evolutionary changes (selection and drift) if portions of the hologenome are transmitted between generations with reasonable fidelity. One of the important outcomes of recasting the individual as a holobiont subject to evolutionary forces is that genetic variation in the hologenome can be brought about by changes in the host genome and also by changes in the microbiome, including new acquisitions of microbes, horizontal gene transfers, and changes in microbial abundance within hosts. Although there is a rich literature on binary host–microbe symbioses, the hologenome concept distinguishes itself by including the vast symbiotic complexity inherent in many multicellular hosts. For recent literature on holobionts and hologenomes published in an open access platform, see the following reference.

Hologenome  Hologenomics

The Origin of the Hologenome Theory

 

Hologenome theory

 

 
Hologenome additional case studies
 

  Criticism The hologenome theory is debated.major criticism by Ainsworth et al. has been their claim that V. shiloi was misidentified as the causative agent of coral bleaching, and that its presence in bleached O. patagonica was simply that of opportunistic colonization.[39

If this is true, the original observation that led to Rosenberg's later articulation of the theory would be invalid. On the other hand, Ainsworth et al.their samplings in 2005, two years after the Rosenberg group discovered O. patagonica no longer to be susceptible to V. shiloi infection; therefore their finding that bacteria are not the primary cause of present-day bleaching in Mediterranean coral O. patagonica should not be considered surprising. The rigorous satisfaction of Koch's postulates, as employed in Kushmaro et al. (1997),[18 is generally accepted as providing a definitive identification of infectious disease agents.

Baird et al. (2009)questioned basic assumptions made by Reshef et al. (2006)[17 in presuming that (1) coral generation times are too slow to adjust to novel stresses over the observed time scales, and that (2) the scale of dispersal of coral larvae is too large to allow for adaptation to local environments. They may simply have underestimated the potential rapidity of conventional means of natural selection. In cases of severe stress, multiple cases have been documented of ecologically significant evolutionary change occurring over a handful of generations.adaptive mechanisms such as switching symbionts might not be necessary for corals to adjust to rapid climate change or novel stressors.[19

Organisms in symbiotic relationships evolve to accommodate each other, and the symbiotic relationship increases the overall fitness of the participant species. Although the hologenome theory is still being debated, it has gained a significant degree of popularity within the scientific community as a way of explaining rapid adaptive changes that are difficult to accommodate within a traditional Darwinian framework.Definitions and uses of the words holobiont and hologenome also differ between proponents and skeptics,[4 and the misuse of the terms has led to confusions over what comprises evidence related to the hologenome. Ongoing discourse is attempting to clear this confusion. Theis et al. clarify that "critiquing the hologenome concept is not synonymous with critiquing coevolution, and arguing that an entity is not a primary unit of selection dismisses the fact that the hologenome concept has always embraced multilevel selection."For instance,[41 Chandler and Turelli (2014) criticize the conclusions of Brucker and Bordenstein (2013), noting that their observations are also consistent with an alternative explanation. Brucker and Bordenstein (2014) responded to these criticisms, claiming they were unfounded 42 because of factual inaccuracies and altered arguments and definitions that were not advanced by Brucker and Bordenstein (2013).

Recently, Forest L Rohwer and colleagues developed a novel statistical test to examine the potential for the hologenome theory of evolution in coral species.found that coral species do not inherit microbial communities, and are instead colonized by a core group of microbes that associate with a diversity of species. The authors conclude: "Identification of these two symbiont communities supports the holobiont model and calls into question the hologenome theory of evolution." However, other studies in coral adhere to the original and pluralistic definitions of holobionts and hologenomes.[44 David Bourne, Kathleen Morrow and Nicole Webster clarify that "The combined genomes of this coral holobiont form a coral hologenome, and genomic interactions within the hologenome ultimately define the coral phenotype."

References

  1. ^ Jump up to:a b "The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota"
  2. Jump up^ Rosenberg, Eugene; Zilber-Rosenberg, Ilana (2016-05-04). "Microbes Drive Evolution of Animals and Plants: the Hologenome Concept". mBio.7 (2): e01395–15. doi:10.1128/mBio.01395-15. ISSN 2150-7511.PMC 4817260. PMID 27034283.
  3. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Bordenstein, Seth R.; Theis, Kevin R. (2015-08-18). "Host Biology in Light of the Microbiome: Ten Principles of Holobionts and Hologenomes". PLOS Biol. 13 (8): e1002226.doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002226. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 4540581.PMID 26284777.
  4. ^ Jump up to:a b c Theis, Kevin R.; Dheilly, Nolwenn M.; Klassen, Jonathan L.; Brucker, Robert M.; Baines, John F.; Bosch, Thomas C. G.; Cryan, John F.; Gilbert, Scott F.; Goodnight, Charles J. (2016-04-26). "Getting the Hologenome Concept Right: an Eco-Evolutionary Framework for Hosts and Their Microbiomes". mSystems. 1 (2): e00028–16.doi:10.1128/mSystems.00028-16. ISSN 2379-5077.
  5. Jump up^ Margulis, Lynn; Fester, René (1991-01-01). Symbiosis as a Source of Evolutionary Innovation: Speciation and Morphogenesis. MIT Press.ISBN 9780262132695.
  6. Jump up^ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/holo-
  7. Jump up^ Number 6 in a series of 7 VHS recordings, 'A Decade of PCR: Celebrating 10 Years of Amplification,' released by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1994. ISBN 0-87969-473-4.http://www.cshlpress.com/default.tpl?..
  8. Jump up^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgL3rmZL9P0
  9. Jump up^ Zilber-Rosenberg (2008). "Role of microorganisms in the evolution of animals and plants: the hologenome theory of evolution". FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 32: 723–35. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00123.x.PMID 18549407.
  10. Jump up^ "Creator of Species, The Hologenome, a New View of Evolution"https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21728992-000-the-hologenome-a-new-view-of-evolution/
  11. Jump up^ "The Hologenomic Basis of Speciation: Gut Bacteria Cause Hybrid Lethality in the Genus Nasonia". Science. 341: 667–669.doi:10.1126/science.1240659.
  12. Jump up^ http://journal.scconline.org/pdf/cc1990/cc041n03/p00173-p00185.pdf
  13. Jump up^ Enabling Innovation: A 2011 Lecture in the Illahee Serieshttps://vimeo.com/26387884
  14. Jump up^ Shashar N, Feldstein T, Cohen Y, Loya Y (1994). "Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) on a coral reef". Coral Reefs. 13 (3): 171–4.Bibcode:1994CorRe..13..171S. doi:10.1007/BF00301195.
  15. Jump up^ Ducklow HW, Mitchell R (1979). "Bacterial Populations and Adaptations in the Mucus Layers on Living Corals". Limnology and Oceanography. 24(4): 715–725. doi:10.4319/lo.1979.24.4.0715. JSTOR 2835723.
  16. Jump up^ Kushmaro A, Kramarsky-Winter E (2004). "Bacteria as a source of coral nutrition". In Rosenberg E, Loya Y. Coral Health and Disease. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. pp. 231–241. ISBN 3-540-20772-4.
  17. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Reshef L, Koren O, Loya Y, Zilber-Rosenberg I, Rosenberg E (2006). "The Coral Probiotic Hypothesis" (PDF). Environmental Microbiology. 8 (12): 2068–73. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01148.x.PMID 17107548.
  18. ^ Jump up to:a b Kushmaro A, Rosenberg E, Fine M, Loya Y (1997). "Bleaching of the coral Oculina patagonica by Vibrio AK-1". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 147 (1): 159–165. doi:10.3354/meps147159. The causative agent,Vibrio AK-1, was present in 28 bleached O. patagonica examined, but absent from 24 healthy (unbleached) corals. The Vibrio sp. was isolated in pure culture, characterized microbiologically, and shown to cause bleaching when inoculated onto unbleached corals.
  19. ^ Jump up to:a b c Baird AH, Bhagooli R, Ralph PJ, Takahashi S (2009). "Coral bleaching: the role of the host" (PDF). Trends in Ecology and Evolution.24 (1): 16–20. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2008.09.005. PMID 19022522.
  20. Jump up^ Brown B, Dunne R, Goodson M, Douglas A (2002). "Experience shapes the susceptibility of a reef coral to bleaching". Coral Reefs. 21: 119–126.doi:10.1007/s00338-002-0215-z.
  21. Jump up^ Richardson LL, Aronson RB (2000). "Infectious diseases of reef corals"(PDF). Proceedings 9th International Coral Reef Symposium. 2: 1225–30.
  22. Jump up^ Rosenberg E, Koren O, Reshef L, Efrony R, Zilber-Rosenberg I (2007)."The role of microorganisms in coral health, disease and evolution"(PDF). Nature Reviews Microbiology. 5 (5): 355–362.doi:10.1038/nrmicro1635. PMID 17384666.
  23. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Feldhaar H (2011). "Bacterial symbionts as mediators of ecologically important traits of insect hosts". Ecological entomology. 5 (5): 533–543. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.2011.01318.x.
  24. ^ Jump up to:a b Gilbert SF, McDonald E, Boyle N, Buttino N, Gyi L, Mai M, Prakash N, Robinson J (2010). "Symbiosis as a source of selectable epigenetic variation: taking the heat for the big guy". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 365(1540): 671–678. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0245. PMC 2817139.PMID 20083641.
  25. Jump up^ Pannebakker BA, Loppin B, Elemans CP, Humblot L, Vavre F (2007)."Parasitic inhibition of cell death facilitates symbiosis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 104 (1): 213–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.0607845104. PMC 1765438.PMID 17190825.
  26. Jump up^ Visick KL, Ruby EG (2006). "Vibrio fischeri and its host: it takes two to tango" (PDF). Current Opinion in Microbiology. 9 (6): 632–8.doi:10.1016/j.mib.2006.10.001. PMID 17049299.
  27. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Rosenberg E, Zilber-Rosenberg I (2011). "Symbiosis and development: The hologenome concept". Birth Defects Research Part C: Embryo Today: Reviews. 93 (1): 56–66. doi:10.1002/bdrc.20196.
  28. Jump up^ Baumann P (2005). "Bacteriology of bacteriocyte-associated endosymbionts of plant sap-sucking insects". Annual Review of Microbiology. 59: 155–189. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.59.030804.121041.PMID 16153167.
  29. Jump up^ Prado SS, Golden M, Follett PA, Daugherty MP, Almeida RP (2009)."Demography of Gut Symbiotic and Aposymbiotic Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)" (PDF). Environmental Entomology. 38 (1): 103–109. doi:10.1603/022.038.0112. PMID 19791602.
  30. Jump up^ Montllor CB, Maxmen A, Purcell AH (2002). "Facultative bacterial endosymbionts benefit pea aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum under heat stress". Ecological Entomology. 27 (2): 189–195. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2311.2002.00393.x.
  31. Jump up^ Pérez-Giménez J, Quelas JI, Lodeiro AR (2011). "Competition for Nodulation". In El-Shemy HA. Soybean Physiology and Biochemistry. InTech. ISBN 978-953-307-534-1.
  32. Jump up^ Gómez-Valero L, Soriano-Navarro M, Pérez-Brocal V, Heddi A, Moya A, García-Verdugo JM, Latorre A (2004). "Coexistence of Wolbachia with Buchnera aphidicola and a Secondary Symbiont in the Aphid Cinara cedri". J Bacteriol. 186 (19): 6626–33. doi:10.1128/JB.186.19.6626-6633.2004. PMC 516615. PMID 15375144.
  33. Jump up^ Dunbar HE, Wilson AC, Ferguson NR, Moran NA (May 2007). "Aphid Thermal Tolerance Is Governed by a Point Mutation in Bacterial Symbionts". PLoS Biology. 5 (5): e96.doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050096. PMC 1847839. PMID 17425405.
  34. Jump up^ Gil R, Sabater-Muñoz B, Latorre A, Silva FJ, Moya A (April 2002)."Extreme genome reduction in Buchnera spp.: Toward the minimal genome needed for symbiotic life". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99 (7): 4454–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.062067299. PMC 123669. PMID 11904373.
  35. Jump up^ Dodd DMB (September 1989). "Reproductive Isolation as a Consequence of Adaptive Divergence in Drosophila pseudoobscura"(PDF). Evolution. 43 (6): 1308–11. doi:10.2307/2409365.
  36. Jump up^ Sharon G, Segal D, Ringo JM, Hefetz A, Zilber-Rosenberg I, Rosenberg E (November 2010). "Commensal bacteria play a role in mating preference of Drosophila melanogaster". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 107 (46): 20051–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.1009906107. PMC 2993361.PMID 21041648.
  37. Jump up^ Zilber-Rosenberg I, Rosenberg E (2008). "Role of microorganisms in the evolution of animals and plants: the hologenome theory of evolution".FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 32 (5): 723–735. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00123.x. PMID 18549407.
  38. Jump up^ Leggat W, Ainsworth T, Bythell J, Dove S, Gates R, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Iglesias-Prieto R, Yellowlees D (2007). "The hologenome theory disregards the coral holobiont". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 5 (10): Online Correspondence. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1635-c1.
  39. ^ Jump up to:a b Ainsworth TD, Fine M, Roff G, Hoegh-Guldberg O (2008). "Bacteria are not the primary cause of bleaching in the Mediterranean coral Oculina patagonica". The ISME Journal. 2 (1): 67–73. doi:10.1038/ismej.2007.88.PMID 18059488.
  40. Jump up^ Carroll SP, Hendry AP, Reznick DN, Fox CW (2007). "Evolution on ecological time-scales". Functional Ecology. 21 (3): 387–393.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01289.x.
  41. Jump up^ http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6200/1011.1.abstract
  42. Jump up^ http://www.sciencemag.org/content/345/6200/1011.2.abstract
  43. Jump up^http://www.nature.com/ismej/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ismej2015190a.html
  44. Jump up^ Bourne, David G.; Morrow, Kathleen M.; Webster, Nicole S. (2016-01-01)."Insights into the Coral Microbiome: Underpinning the Health and Resilience of Reef Ecosystems". Annual Review of Microbiology. 70 (1): null. doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-102215-095440. PMID 27482741.

External links

댓글 0